![]() ![]() ![]() It was found that the key process parameters depend largely on the chemical characteristics of the fuel. First, the impact of different fuel characteristics on kiln gas temperature, kiln gas flow rate and air requirement were observed by using coal (reference case), meat and bone meal (MBM), two different wood types, refuse derived fuel and a mixture of saw dust and solid hazardous waste as the primary fuel. In the present study, a mass and energy balance for the combustion of different alternative fuels in a cement rotary kiln was developed. ![]() Hence, it is important to know to what extent the fossil fuels can be replaced by different alternative fuels without severely changing process conditions, product quality or emissions. However, replacing fossil fuels like coal with different alternative fuels will give various impacts on the overall kiln process due to the fuel characteristics. Increased use of alternative fuels in cement kilns is a trend in the world. ![]()
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